Pronunciation
Numerals
Sentence Structure
Main Clauses
What makes a main clause in Swedish: how basic sentences are built and why verb position drives word order.
The V2 Rule
Why the verb comes second in Swedish statements — the V2 rule, and how word order shifts when a sentence opens with time or place.
Subordinate Clauses
Swedish subordinate clauses, the words that introduce them, and why word order changes after att, eftersom, om, när, and som.
Nouns
En and Ett
En or ett? A clear guide to Swedish grammatical gender and how it shapes articles, adjectives, and more.
Indefinite Articles
When to use en or ett, how adjectives agree with noun gender, and when Swedish skips the article altogether.
The Definite Form
How the Swedish definite form works, and how en and ett nouns take their definite ending.
Plurals
Swedish plural endings explained, including stem-vowel changes — best learned alongside each noun.
Definite Plural
The Swedish definite plural, from the -na and -en endings to the trickier -a cases.
Compound Nouns
Swedish compound nouns: why the last word sets the gender, and why they're always written as one.
Possessive -s
Learn how Swedish uses possessive -s, traditionally called the genitive, to show possession and other relationships between nouns and names.
Verbs
Present Tense
The Swedish present tense, used for actions now, habits, facts, and even future plans.
Past Tense
The Swedish past tense (preteritum): talking about past actions, events, and states, with examples from five verb conjugation groups.
Perfect and Past Perfect
The Swedish perfect and past perfect: how har and hade combine with the supine form to describe past actions.
Future Tense
Talking about the future in Swedish with ska, kommer att, tänker, and the present tense with future time expressions.
Helper Verbs
Swedish helper verbs: how they combine with infinitives without att and change the meaning of the main verb.
The Imperative Mood
Commands, instructions, and requests in Swedish: how the imperative is formed from the verb stem and used in sentences.
Swedish Participles
Learn how Swedish present and past participles are formed and how they are used like adjectives.
Swedish Particle Verbs
Learn how Swedish particle verbs combine a verb with a stressed particle to create new meanings.
Swedish Reflexive Verbs
Learn how Swedish reflexive verbs work.
Swedish Passive Voice
Learn how the Swedish passive voice is formed with -s and with bli or vara plus a past participle.
Swedish Deponent Verbs
Learn what Swedish deponent verbs are and why verbs such as hoppas, trivas, lyckas, and minnas end in -s without being passive.
Irregular Verbs
Learn how Swedish irregular verbs work, including the four half-weak verbs, the difference between strong and irregular verbs, and weak verbs with irregular stem changes.
Adjectives
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Swedish personal pronouns in subject and object forms, with examples of how to use them in sentences.
Possessive Pronouns
Whose is it? Swedish possessive pronouns and their forms with en words, ett words, and plural nouns.
Reflexive Pronouns
Sig, sin, sitt, and sina: how Swedish reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject and express possession.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Pointing things out in Swedish with den här, den där, denna, detta, and dessa, and choosing the right noun form.
Interrogative Pronouns
Asking questions in Swedish with vem, vad, vilken, and other interrogative pronouns, with forms and example sentences.
Relative Pronouns
Swedish relative clauses with som, vars, and vilken: connecting information about people, things, and ideas.
Indefinite Pronouns
Someone, nothing, or everyone? Swedish indefinite pronouns for unspecified people, things, and quantities.
Reciprocal Pronouns
Each other in Swedish: varandra as an object and after prepositions, plus the possessive form varandras.
Comparative Pronouns
Same, different, or alike? Comparing people and things in Swedish with samma, annan, sådan, and likadan.
Adverbs
Swedish Adverbs
How, when, where, and to what degree: Swedish adverbs and their roles in describing actions, states, and whole sentences.
Sentence Adverbs
Swedish sentence adverbs such as inte, nog, väl, ju, and kanske: their meanings and positions in main and subordinate clauses.
Time and Frequency Adverbs
When and how often things happen: common Swedish time and frequency adverbs, with meanings, example sentences, and everyday expressions.
Place and Direction Adverbs
Location or movement? Swedish place and direction adverbs, including hem and hemma, with paired examples showing where things are and where they go.
Degree Adverbs
From slightly to completely: how Swedish degree adverbs such as mycket, väldigt, ganska, lite, and nästan modify adjectives and adverbs.
Question Adverbs
Where, when, how, and why: Swedish question adverbs such as var, vart, varifrån, när, hur, and varför, with meanings and example questions.
Relative Adverbs
Swedish relative adverbs such as där, dit, när, and då: introducing clauses about places, destinations, and time, with example sentences.
Comparative Adverbs
Comparing degree, manner, and place in Swedish with lika, så, annorlunda, and annanstans, and comparisons using som and än.
Focusing Adverbs
Swedish focusing adverbs such as bara and till och med: highlighting parts of a sentence and changing emphasis through word position.
Comparison of Adverbs
Swedish adverb comparison with -(a)re and -(a)st, mer and mest, and common irregular comparative and superlative forms.
Prepositions
Swedish Prepositions
Learn how Swedish prepositions such as i, på, till, från, med, för, and under express place, direction, time, and other relationships.
I or På?
Learn when Swedish uses i and when it uses på for places, institutions, geographical areas, transport, and physical location.
Time Expressions with Prepositions
Learn the difference between Swedish time expressions with i, på, om, and för ... sedan.
Prepositions at the End of a Clause
Learn why Swedish prepositions often appear at the end of questions, relative clauses, and infinitive phrases.
Till, Mot, Åt or För?
Learn the difference between the Swedish prepositions till, mot, åt, and för when talking about destinations, direction, recipients, and beneficiaries.